Automated loading/unloading of parts for deep hole drilling

Most automatic machine tool tending systems involve standard, plug-and-play equipment for robotically loading and unloading CNC lathes and machining centres for turning and milling. In an unusual application, Dutch firm Halter CNC Automation has supplied a special variant of its LoadAssistant robot cells that allows deep hole drilling to be similarly automated.

The advantages of the installation at Ott-Jakob Spanntechnik in Lengenwang, Germany, are described by Salisbury-based 1st Machine Tool Accessories, the sales agent for Halter in England, Wales and Scotland. The company advises that it is able to supply such special solutions in addition to the principal's standard range of automated machine-tending cells.

The robot has a double-sided end effector with workpiece-specific gripper fingers adapted to the shaft diameters to be handled

Ott-Jakob Spanntechnik is a manufacturer of manual and automatic tool clamping systems for machine tool spindles. Materials processed in its 7,000m² factory are mainly high-alloy steel, plus to a lesser extent aluminium and non-ferrous metals. Series production team leader Florian Hartmann commented, "Four-fifths of our two-axis lathes are equipped with bar magazines and we are always looking for opportunities to automate other machines on our shopfloor."

This policy has been extended to a TBT ML250 deep hole drilling machine that produces the holes via which coolant will subsequently flow through the spindle. The dimensions of workpieces processed on the machine vary widely. Shafts are mainly from 20 to 50mm in diameter and between 75 and 550mm long and almost any combination of these dimensions is possible.

Two-shift production
Until recently, the machine was used in two-shift production where one employee, who was also busy in other areas of the factory, manually loaded the TBT ML250 with raw parts and removed the finished shafts. With cycle times ranging from 3min to around half an hour, depending on the size of the workpiece, the operator needed to be more or less permanently in attendance, hence the desire to automate the machine.

The working area of the TBT machine, showing four parts being loaded sequentially for deep hole drilling

Mr Hartmann continued: “We have for some time been using standard LoadAssistant robot cells from Halter, a Universal Compact 12 and a Universal Premium 35, to feed a pair of CNC lathes. We continue to have a positive experience with these systems, so we asked the company for a solution to automate loading and unloading of our deep hole drilling centre. This resulted in the supply of a LoadAssistant Universal Premium 35 having special features in terms of the design and flexibility of the cell, allowing not one but four parts at a time to be loaded into the machine.”

Programming of all movements and thus the entire robot kinematics has been modified and a workpiece storage system has been installed at the fron of the machine on the left hand side. The robot arm is equipped with a double-sided end effector with workpiece-specific gripper fingers that are adapted to the shaft diameters to be handled.

The robot cell first entered service in March 2023. To provide component storage, it has a standard, 176-position grid plate able to hold shafts that are 20 to 35mm in diameter and 75 to 250mm long. In addition, an 88-position grid plate for shafts from 35 to 50mm in diameter and up to 550mm long has been supplied.

Minimising machine idle time
Four shafts are transferred one by one from the grid plates to two buffer storage locations positioned immediately in front of the working area. To minimise machine idle time, the process is completed while the deep hole drilling machine is producing the previous four components. The purpose of the additional transfers is to reduce the distance parts subsequently have to travel when the TBT machine has stopped and loading and unloading is in progress.

Florian Hartmann, series production team leader at Ott-Jakob Spanntechnik

When the drilling cycle finishes and the doors have opened, the robot uses its gripper to pick up the first new shaft, extract a finished component from the machining area, load the new workpiece to be drilled, and deposit the machined component into one of the same two buffer storage locations. While swapping a new shaft for a deep hole drilled component, the system checks the position of the part in the machine and, if necessary, measures the length of the shaft again via an integrated sensor to prevent a possible collision.

The unloading/loading procedure is repeated three more times in a continuous cycle, after which the buffer stations contain four finish-machined parts and four fresh shafts are in the machine for drilling. The drilled components are transferred by the robot, again in parallel with machining of the next batch of shafts, to the rear of the robot cell from where they are removed by hand. Replenishment of the grid plates with raw material at the front of the cell is similarly carried out manually.

Mr Hartmann concluded: “Both we and Halter were well aware that we were entering new territory with this solution, so we started making optimisations as soon as production started and this is ongoing.
The average cycle for loading the machine is currently about 3.5min, but we are working to further reduce the time taken. With the robot feeding the deep hole drilling machine, the cell now produces components automatically over a single 8hr shift and often runs an unattended shift as well, raising productivity further.”